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A specific study was then conducted to characterize driving conditions and vehicle usage as a function of vehicle categories, as well as to derive driving cycles specially designed for high- and low-powered cars which have significantly different driving conditions.
In order to show a comparison of the spectrum usage as a function of the variables mentioned above, an optimum threshold is computed using Otsu's gray-level thresholding algorithm [11] for each of the datasets.
The results defined the changing waves of gene usage as a function of nephrogenesis.
For example, the arginine codon AGA shows a nonlinear upwardly curving usage as a function of GC bias (Figure 1C) particularly among prokaryotes.
The Harvey-Collier test for functional misspecification [28] as implemented in the R lmtest package [29] was used to determine the degree of nonlinearity of codon usage as a function of GC3.
Knight et al. [13] modeled codon and amino acid usage as a function of GC mutational bias in bacteria, prokaryotes and eukaryotes showing that GC content drives codon and amino acid usage and provide a model of usage by compositional class, but did not directly address codon bias.
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Notably, the SCB expresses codon usage bias as a function of the difference between unselected (f n) and selected (f o) codon frequencies, rather than as a distance from them, thus avoiding shortcomings of other metrics [ 19].
To reduce confounding by differing likelihood for NSAID use, we used logistic regression to calculate propensity score estimating each participant's conditional probability (odds ratio) of NSAID usage post randomisation as a function of age, use of other medications previously linked with prostate cancer risk and pre-randomisation NSAID usage.
Swire [4] used Craig and Weber's [1] cost values to generate a new cost measure for an amino acid based on its usage in proteins as a function of overall protein cost computed from all other amino acids, and showed that cost selection affects multiple prokaryotic, archaeal and eukaryotic genomes.
The test shows that a large number of codons exhibit some degree of nonlinear usage in prokaryotes as a function of GC bias, though this may be influenced by violation of the constant-variance assumption made by the test or by the large number of data points involved.
Figure 9 shows the memory usage per fingerprint as a function of the number of loaded fingerprints.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com