The support-size biomechanical constraints for twining plants are intermediate compared with tendril climbers, whose upper limit of usable trunk diameter is even lower, and root climbers, which are not constrained at all by large support diameters (Putz 1984; Putz and Chai 1987; Putz and Holbrook 1991; Chalmers and Turner 1994; DeWalt et al. 2000; Nabe-Nielsen 2001; Carrasco-Urra and Gianoli 2009).
A good rule of thumb to determine the maximum usable magnification is to multiply the diameter of the objective in millimeters by 2.5 (which means that the typical department store 60mm scope is only usable to 150x).
The best performance was obtained combining masks with 2.5 and 3 mm hole diameters, providing a practically usable detection range of 12.5 cm for 0.25-mm 3-line bar codes.
The hydrolysis reactor (Figure 1) was a glass column (inner diameter, 4.5 cm; total volume, 1.65 L; effective usable volume, ca. 1.1 L) which was heated via a water jacket at mesophilic temperatures (37 °C) using a water bath.
Based on manufacturing estimates, ease of maintainability, and a best fit for the space shown in Fig. 14, a buoy diameter of 3.5 m was selected as the largest usable and most optimal size.
This is especially true for ICU patients for whom usable images in the transthoracic parasternal view (used to measure LVOT diameter) can be obtained in about two thirds of patients [ 34].
The design of their device with a large diameter catheter and without a closure device for the penetration site, makes it usable predominantly in large vessels on the venous side, more specifically in the coronary sinus of the heart [14], [15].
In addition, we chose to study patients with small HCC (3 cm mean diameter, range 1 11 cm) in order to detect early changes that could be usable in a screening situation.
Often, the usable SMPS data is truncated before this occurs, because the aerosol size distribution grows to diameters beyond the measurement range (∼350 nm).
It is increasingly used in ventilation control of long, large-diameter highway tunnels and improves the driving environment, saves power consumption and extends the usable life of equipment [85].
Parametric studies are presented to quantify the effects of the change in the bolt spacing, diameter of hole, bolt pretension and the longitudinal reinforcement on the behaviour of the beam, so that usable design rules may be crafted.
