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The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were taken using a Physical Electronic system (Model PHI5600 ESCA, MN, USA) for elemental analysis at room temperature, which was operated in the constant energy pass mode using monochromatic Al Kα X-rays (hυ = 1,486.6 eV).
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The morphology was investigated using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM model: FEI-200NNL, Hillsboro, OR, USA), equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer for elemental analysis, and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM model: JEM-2100 F JEOL, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan).
HydroVirga High-sensitivity NMR detection for elemental analysis in water.
EDS provides information for elemental analysis.
For elemental analysis, Vario EL III CHNS-O Elemental Analyzer was used.
The elemental analyzer, Vario Micro Cube, Elementar, Germany was used for elemental analysis.
For elemental analysis, the dry plant material was finely ground.
For elemental analysis CHNS/O analyzer (Perkin-Elmer 2400 series) was used.
This observation was coupled with EDX investigations for elemental analysis using Oxford Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy.
Grain and straw from the central 6 hills were harvested and pooled together for elemental analysis.
The first 50-ml leachate of each cycle was stored in 4°C for elemental analysis.
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