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Outside, an antidote that keeps the monkeys calm during yet another urination test is discovered: bananas.
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The incidence of the main symptoms of cystitis (pain in the bladder, burning and stinging during urination; urinal urgency; frequent urination in small amounts) were essentially the same in the test and control groups (Table 2), which confirmed the comparability of the groups.
Urine frequency was calculated by dividing the number of tests in which urination occurred by the total number of tests.
Other behaviors (pacing, circling, nibbling weeds (defined as 'displacement activity'), interactions with the objects or buckets ('irritability'), pawing, bleating, defecation, urination ('anxiety') or leaving the test pen to interact with the operator ('checking') were also recorded for all discriminations.
Repeated measures analysis of variance followed by the least significant difference (LSD) pairwise comparisons test were used to compare urination frequency (values transformed by log (x + 1.5)) during non-aggressive behaviours, aggressive displays and high aggression by neighbouring males.
Urine was collected as spot urine samples after spontaneous urination.
Cogn: cognition; FN: false negative; FP: false positive; GS: iNPH grading; scale; iNPH: idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus; IQR: interquartile range; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; SINPHONI: Study of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus on neurological improvement; TN: true negative; TP: true positive; TT: tap test; TUG: timed up and go test; Urin: urination.
The number of faecal boli and urination were recorded at the end of the test.
Note that the overall urine output of an animal in each test under a minimal stress is likely to be positively correlated with the number of urination events under stress and might reflect poor sphincter control and incontinence.
Symptoms include frequent urination, painful urination, blood in urine, increased urination in the night.
The urinary bladder stores urine until the time of urination.
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