To identify the differential urinary metabolic pattern of oligozoospermic infertile men and to determine the potential biomarkers indicative of infertility.
Tipthara and Thongboonkerd have demonstrated six different mixtures of solvent yield differential urinary lipid profiles unique to each combination of solvents [108].
The number of differential urinary metabolites was markedly more than that of differential serum metabolites between the patients of LUPM and HUPM.
Z-score (see Additional file 1) is designed to evaluate whether a topological feature of CPP differential urinary metabolites is significantly different from its corresponding randomizations.
Using this protocol, urinary biomarkers enabling differential diagnosis of specific single chronic renal diseases (IgA nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and ANCA-associated vasculitis) with good sensitivity and specificity in blinded data-sets could be identified [ 13, 19, 21, 44].
Cr EDTA, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or tobramycin have been used to study intestinal permeability in early studies [ 8], but recent studies have used differential urinary excretion of a disaccharide (lactulose or cellobiose) and a monosaccharide (mannitol or rhamnose) for the assessment of intestinal permeability.
A multinomial logistic regression model was developed to allow the simultaneous estimation of the probability of the multiple differential diagnoses (urinary tract infection, pneumonia, bacteraemia, and no serious bacterial illness (the reference category)).
Thus, while an increase in uNGAL can imply urinary abnormality, a simultaneous differential analysis of the molecular forms of NGAL present in urine is needed in order to understand comprehensively the origin of the various forms of uNGAL.
A heatmap was additionally constructed based on the top fifty ranked metabolites of the positive mode data, revealing patterns of differential levels of urinary metabolites between controls and pneumonia samples (Fig. 2E).
The present case study serves to expand the differential diagnosis of urinary bladder rupture.
