A target of American bombing in the 1960s and 1970s, then a moribund postwar cityscape of poverty and rationing, Hanoi is now experiencing some of the ills of urbanization — overcrowding, traffic jams, pollution — more quickly than its benefits.
Seven primary schools, located in areas with different characteristics of urbanization and traffic density, as well as a typical suburban residence, were monitored.
The present study was designed with an aim to observe the effect of increasing urbanization and traffic activity on the physiology of a foliose lichen, Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach).
Rome is a city with slow changes in terms of urbanization and traffic volumes, hence it is possible to use current LUR models to estimate contrasts in air pollution exposure even if they refer to a long time before.
Furthermore, as it happens in endemic Limonium spp., populations tend to be fragmented and usually show low population sizes as a consequence of many social and economic activities like urbanization, tourism and traffic (Rodríguez et al. 2003; Palop-Esteban et al. 2007; Suárez-García et al. 2009; Khan et al. 2012; Róis et al. 2013) on their habitats.
Urban road traffic congestion has been a global issue for many years due to rapid urbanization.
The contribution to soil chemistry of classical urban contaminants including Pb, Cu, Zn, Sn, Sb, and Cd (medians of 45, 39, 98, 3.6, 1.7 and 0.3 mg kg− 1 respectively) was also observed; significant correlations were identified between concentrations and urbanization indicators, including vehicular traffic, urban land use, population density, and timing of urbanization.
Three schools were situated in areas with varying degrees of urbanization (very urban, fairly urban, and nonurban) and three other schools were located near highways with varying traffic density (very busy, fairly busy, and not busy).
Attempts by the state's department of transportation to widen the road are strongly opposed by many residents who fear an increase in traffic and urbanization.
The peds in the surface horizons of soils develop into clods under the effects of cultivation and the traffic of urbanization.
