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These changes are easily read in terms of the alarmist narrative on urban fragmentation that depicts 'enclave urbanism' as a tool of urban elites.
Maes et al. ([2011]) Supporting Ecological UFI (urban fragmentation index) Dispersion of urbanization (gradient) Romano ([2002]) Connectivity Continuity of open spaces Density of open spaces referred to 1 km radius (gradient) Angel et al. ([2011]) OSE, Observatorio de la Sostenibilidad en España (Sustainability Observatory in Spain).
These comparisons allowed us to characterize patterns of avifaunal response to a gradient of urban fragmentation.
e360: Counter to the notion that fragmentation threatens wildlife, there's now a theory that urban fragmentation may actually help certain urban populations.
We developed on three indices: the Infrastructural Fragmentation Index (IFI), the Urban Fragmentation Index (UFI), and the Connectivity Index (CI).
Cleveland offers further evidence of Mr. Ouroussoff's assertion that while radical adjustment in how we think of cities is necessary, our ability to reinvent metropolitan areas is undermined by a legacy of sprawl and urban fragmentation.
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Urban development may have different effects in heterogeneous landscapes with high pre-urban fragmentation.
Losses of insects are mostly blamed on the industrial mechanisation of agriculture, agrochemical spraying and run-off, urban encroachment, fragmentation of habitat and general misuse of the countryside.
Urban expansion increases fragmentation of the landscape.
Koalas are iconic Australian tree-dwelling marsupials that are classified as vulnerable because of threatening processes that include urban development, habitat fragmentation and inbreeding.
Our results suggest that past predictions regarding future urban growth and fragmentation of native vegetation in the region have proven accurate and highlights regions of change that merit further study.
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