With the world rapidly urbanizing, addressing the energy intensive urban built environment is becoming increasingly important.
The use of LiDAR, within the urban built and energy related environment, has been mostly used to collect building physical features, assessment of the potential PV installation on rooftops and energy demand related studies (Lukac et al., 2013, Santos et al., 2014).
The urban built environment is a relatively new phenomenon in the history of human habitation, while nature's most successful processes have been honed over millions of years.
Professor Halle said he happened upon what is known as the Los Angeles school of urban sociology, which focuses on what has been called the "sprawling, polycentric character of the urban, built environment".
Such struggles have occurred over the preservation of urban built and recreational environment, including the "Green Bans" instituted in the 1970s to protect Sydney's historic buildings and green spaces, and protection of forests in the north and south of the state into the 1980s.
Here, we analyzed urban-rural gradients (landscape level: urban-farmland-forest-natural reserves; city level: ring road and urban build-up history) and temporal data (1955 1980 2014 for woody plants; 1980s 2010 s for birds) in Harbin city, China, to investigate the changes in the composition and diversity of woody plants and birds during urbanization.
There has also been an increasing interest in the urban built environment design in the past decade.
Trees serve as a valuable asset in the urban built environment.
The overall expansion of urban built up area has been 313 ha (1422.73%) during the analysis period (Table 4).
New urban design concepts should guide the inclusion and re-introduction of greenery and biodiversity in the urban built environment.
