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Upwelling and high productivity also are found along divergence zones at the Equator and around Antarctica.
Upwelling and downwelling also occur where the wind blows parallel to a coastline.
New lithosphere is created at oceanic ridges by the upwelling and cooling of magma from the Earth's mantle.
Productivity is high at the Equator and in zones of coastal upwelling and also where oceanic divergences occur near Antarctica.
The west coast of Morocco and the southwest coast of Africa are other sites of extensive upwelling and, consequently, richness of marine life.
The strength of ocean circulation must have increased, as evidence of increased upwelling and biological productivity is present in ocean sediments.
"However, at one of our sampling sites, we discovered that this point was reached at 200 metres depth, through a combination of natural upwelling and ocean acidification.
Coastal upwelling, and hence a rich production of plant and animal life, occurs seasonally and locally off the central gulf coasts of Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire.
Much of this element gradually accumulates in the ocean sediment as particulate phosphorus and is eventually brought back to the surface only through ocean upwelling and tectonic activity.
In contrast to subtropical gyres, the movement of ocean water within the Ekman layer of subpolar gyres forces upwelling and surface water divergence.
An additional consequence of upwelling and downwelling for stratified waters is to create a baroclinic field of mass (that is, a volume whose horizontal pressure gradient varies with depth due to horizontal variations in temperature and salinity).
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