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Exact(14)
This upward velocity could substantially affect the Doppler shift and hence the tilt method.
If Vf is larger than the upward velocity of the flow, the particle settles down and differentiation proceeds.
Experimental and computed values of the shape of the bubbles and of their upward velocity were compared.
These results suggest that the upward velocity of plasma bubbles have a strong seasonal connection with the maximum values observed during the summer.
The vertical component of the parallel upward velocity of plasma can be derived from the change of the F-layer bottom height.
In the present analysis, the upward velocity of the FK waves is found to be in the region of 4 km/day.
Similar(46)
Bubble upward velocities are much larger than both liquid and particle velocities.
In the lower part of the column, particle upward velocities are slightly smaller than the liquid velocities, while in the upper part of the column, particle upward velocities are slightly larger.
It should also be noted that in the initial phase of development of a geomagnetic field-aligned equatorial plasma bubble, which gives rise to spread F, the bubbles may have large upward velocities that often exceed the horizontal velocity in magnitude.
Especially, when the inclined angle is 2.5°, the upward axial velocity is decreased and the tangential velocity is increased.
The average upward particle velocity is ∼50% of the bubble velocity under the conditions of this study.
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