For simulating fermentative growth in the dark we fix the rates of oxygen uptake and photosynthesis to zero while "opening" the gates for excretion of the products acetate, propionate, succinate and formate (scenario S6, Table 1).
The members of this gene family represent potential targets to modify the water use properties of cotton and may provide a target to manipulate water/nutrient uptake and photosynthesis efficiency [ 57, 58].
Under biotic and abiotic stress factors causing a reduction of growth, protein synthesis is one of the most negatively affected anabolic processes together with photosynthesis, transport of metabolites, and uptake and translocation of mineral ions (Bonjoch and Tamayo, 2003).
Cyanobacterial allelochemicals are found to exhibit inhibitory effects toward the growth, photosynthesis, respiration, carbon uptake, and enzymatic activity of algae as well as induce oxidative stress in algae [ 53].
This reduction in uptake and expression of transport genes is likely due to a reduced need for cellular C due to lowered metabolism and photosynthesis as well as catabolism of internal stores of C from phycobiliproteins.
Stomatal pores located on the plant epidermis regulate CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and the loss of water by transpiration.
Stomatal pores are located on the plant epidermis and regulate CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and water loss to drive transpiration.
It is widely accepted that these variations are caused by the terrestrial biosphere through the processes of carbon uptake during photosynthesis and carbon release during soil respiration [3].
It is widely accepted that these variations are caused by the terrestrial biosphere through the processes of carbon uptake during photosynthesis and carbon release during soil respiration [ 3].
Changes in leaf area, biomass allocation and Cd uptake, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf concentration of nutrients and pigments, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) production and thiol compounds were investigated.
