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A signaling pathway transmits information from an upstream system to downstream systems, ideally in a unidirectional fashion.
In terms of water, the upstream system is essentially providing an ESS in the form of water flow, and the upstream populations are the 'guardians' of this flow.
The upstream system, since it usually has much larger capacity than the LV grid, can be simplified by Thevenin equivalent, where a method to obtain the impedance is Z-bus matrix, the inverse matrix of the admittance matrix.
For a system with PV installations, PV can be seen as the generator at the sending end of Fig. 1 with voltage (dot{V}_{S}), while the receiving end is the upstream system.
The choice of a particular approach is dependent on a variety of criteria such as the following: data requirements, uncertainty of source data, upstream system boundary, technological system boundary, geographical system boundary, available analytical tools, time and labour intensity, simplicity of application, required computational tools and goal and scope of the model [100].
For current flow directions that would result in a downstream turbine operating in the wake of an upstream system at a distance of 10 diameters, this technique could be used to reduce the power loss of the downstream system from about 50% (caused by the reduced flow speed available in the turbine wake) to the 1.2% power loss associated with the suggested control approach.
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Exclusive – Upstream Commerce, a provider of a cloud-based, automated competitive pricing and product analytics solution for online retailers not to be confused with mobile marketing solutions company Upstream Systems, has raised $1.25 million in funding from YL Ventures, TechCrunch has learned.
Currently, a considerable trend to digestion of bio-waste and green waste, often integrated as so-called upstream systems into existing composting plants, can be assessed.
Baciu and his co-founder Alex Vratskides began working on the idea that would become Persado five years ago, and the two men spun out the business from Upstream Systems in 2012.
In this new environment, the logistician learner interacts with systems engineers during UAV system acquisition and sustainment, learns about systems engineering issues and their effect on logistics, tries to influence upstream systems engineering decisions, and also performs logistics functions.
In general, retroactivity causes time delay in signal transduction of upstream systems [ 20- 22].
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