Sentence examples for upstream player from inspiring English sources

Recent studies point to the role of Tat-mediated activation of NADPH oxidase, a membrane protein, as a key upstream player involved in the activation of MAPK signaling pathways [67].

Among the various proinflammatory mediators interleukin-1 (IL-1) is the most upstream player within the cytokine cascade.

Mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways involve modulation of the expression of genes such as p53, the key upstream player in apoptosis, and Bcl-2 family genes (Green and Reed, 1998; Sheikh and Fornace, 2000).

In this study, we analyzed in NIH3T3 cells the dichotomous (proliferative/migratory) functions of AR and identified the AR/FlnA complex as the upstream player of the non-proliferative, migratory phenotype.

More importantly, these companies have created incentives for "upstream" players in the textile supply chain, those who provide dyes and detergents, to weigh-in and start vying for a share in the market for safer alternatives.

Thus, resistance of hormone-sensitive breast cancer cells impinges on the RB1 pathway, yet the causal upstream players may vary (Thangavel et al, 2011).

Second, we aimed at genes that contribute to sex differentiation, but upstream players that might play a role in sex determination as well.

A putative mechanism for the observed effects could lie in the modification of upstream players controlling NF-κB activity, since it controls IL-6, TNFα, RANTES, MIP-1α and IP-10 secretion.

Copy number and mRNA expression levels of Akt family members and their upstream players did not provide us with a possible mechanism for elevated Akt activity, although PTEN showed lower, but not significantly lower, gene expression levels in both cell lines as compared with the two MSC controls (data not shown).

As xCT plays a dual role in mediating HHV-8 entry and cell proliferation, it may be an upstream key player in KS formation.

Yet, the mechanisms upstream (the players causing the changes in Ca2+ signaling) and downstream (the targets of the altered Ca2+ signals) of this Ca2+-dependent autophagy pathway remain elusive.