The activation of autophagy induced by LRPPRC suppression occurs upstream of the ATG5 ATG12 conjugate-mediated conversion of LC3-I into LC3-II and has been confirmed in multiple mammalian cell lines with multiple autophagy markers including the size of GFP LC3 punctate foci, the intensity of LC3-II and p62 protein and the size of the vacuolar structure.
hsp70S5 33 has a similar type of 60 bp insertion upstream of the TATA signal, flanked by an hsp70S4-derived conversion tract (See Additional file 5: Figure S5).
Therefore the LRPPRC suppression-induced activation of basal levels of autophagy requires the presence of ATG5 and occurs upstream of the ATG5 ATG12-catalysed LC3-I into LC3-II conversion.
The gene conversion break points are located just upstream of the putative translation initiation site and downstream of the immunosuppressive domain (ISU) resulting in a ~1,5 kb gene conversion tract.
This upstream fermentation cost was used as a fixed input to the downstream process models of the conversion technology presented in this study in an effort to solely investigate cost sensitivity of HTL process inputs.
Although DT40 diversifies its Ig genes by gene conversion (GC), an artificial homeologous sequence upstream of the tdT and GFP genes was recombined more often by RR than it was modified by GC.
We isolated genomic DNA from human brain samples, performed bisulfite conversion, amplified five regions (A-1 through A-5) upstream of the transcriptional start site of GRN (compare Figure 1b), and subjected the PCR products to quantitative methylation analysis.
To generate flanking markers for distinguishing crossovers from noncrossover gene conversions, we destroyed a KpnI restriction site 2.7 kb upstream of the ry 606N mutation and an AgeI site 3.5 kb downstream of the ry 609N mutation.
The researchers studied a 100km river catchment in the New Forest, upstream of the town of Brockenhurst.
