Acer learned from its exposure to global technology and best manufacturing practices, which helped the company move upstream into manufacturing motherboards, peripherals, and central processing units.
A typical Hong Kong business now does its marketing, managing and accounting at home, where the lawyers and bankers are clean and good, and its manufacturing upstream on the mainland, where the workers are cheap.
They do this by designing their own fashion and gradually moving upstream to include manufacturing.
"Companies often implement collaborative planning and forecasting with upstream vendors and manufacturing partners, but they rarely translate these demand and production forecasts into transportation capacity requirements and share them with the carriers," says Adrian Gonzales, director of ARC's Logistics Executive Council.
Despite not knowing the originator process and using a different CHO cell line and different upstream and downstream manufacturing process, it was possible to create a mAb (GP2013) highly similar to originator rituximab at the level of individual quality attributes and indistinguishable from a functional perspective.
Where upstream component manufacturing activities are seen as cost centers with cost-plus transfer pricing, additional investment in the core activity may seem a less profitable use of capital than investment in downstream activities.
The postwar boom in the U.S. and introduction of an import-quota system allowed C.C. to build unconventional TAL into Asia's largest textile multinational by melding upstream fabric manufacturing with downstream garment-making.
In doing so, two indicators were tracked: the cumulative energy demand (CED) and global warming potential (GWP) of the upstream processes for producing, manufacturing, and transporting the finished product, as well as the effects of end-of-life impacts.
