Sentence examples for upstream layer from inspiring English sources

Interestingly, these negative regulators are largely compromised by an upstream layer of negative regulators "target mimics" found in plants or "endogenous competing RNAs" revealed recently in animals.

Two major results emerge: (i) the upstream resistive layer can control the sound absorption of the porous multilayer, while nullifying the acoustic properties of downstream layer and (ii) this upstream layer may be detrimental to sound absorption of porous multilayer.

The upstream layer was composed of a mixture of well-defined mineral phases, a sterile organic matter source and a diverse, natural microbial inoculant mimicking an organic-rich topsoil.

This means that the rate of an event in a downstream layer (e.g. effector phosphorylation) is proportional to the average value of some property computed from the upstream layer (e.g. receptor activation).

The various signaling branches of this pathway share a multi-tiered control system: MAPK proteins are activated by dual phosphorylation on tyrosine and serine/threonine residues via an upstream layer of dual-specificity kinases, MAPK kinases (MAPKK), which are themselves phosphorylated by a third tier of kinases, MAPKKKs.

Fiber segments in the unit cells experience either bending or slipping under a mechanical stress, which is accumulated from the drag forces in upstream layers and transmitted through fiber contact points.

In one layer, each group receives its own input from upstream layers and output the signal to downstream layers.

These observations have been parlayed to propose underlying mechanisms based on oscillation, amplification and upstream boundary layer effects.

Nevertheless the force to apply on the blade is larger than the stress along the band times the band surface by a factor larger than 1.5, which might result from normal force due to heap weight and elastic deformation in the upstream static layer.

This study used the finite element method (FEM) to analyze the stress field and seepage field of a roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dam, with an upstream impervious layer constructed with different types of concrete materials, including three-graded RCC, two-graded RCC, conventional vibrated concrete (CVC), and grout-enriched vibrated RCC (GEVR), corresponding to the design schemes S1 through S4.

Particle Image Velocimetry measurements of the roof separation bubble, along with surface measurements, for a low-rise building model were taken for six different, upstream, boundary-layer conditions.