Sentence examples for upstream innovation from inspiring English sources

Indeed, the sort of upstream innovation (the big ideas of those scientists and engineers) most celebrated by those who fear its movement to China and India is the hardest to keep locked up in the domestic market.The least internationally mobile innovation, on the other hand, is the downstream sort, where big ideas are made suitable for a local market.

Eizenberg A. (2014) "Upstream Innovation and Product Variety in the U.S. Home PC Market" Review of Economic Studies, 81(3):1003-45.

But it is not sufficient to say that "the drugs are too expensive"; drug costs, and thus their affordability, are associated both with the social cost of investing in these technologies (upstream innovation) and the resulting (downstream) cost of then integrating these technologies in the drug development and distribution process.

That not only encourages legal "gotcha" tactics against upstream innovators by downstream manufacturers and resellers but, more generally, impedes the efficient design of technology supply chains, potentially slowing the pace of innovation and raising the prices ultimately paid by consumers.

Mr Bhidé argues that this downstream innovation, which is far more complex and customised than the original upstream invention, is the most valuable kind and what America is best at.

These twin assaults threaten to eliminate the incentives necessary for biotechnological innovation particularly for discoveries made upstream in the innovation pipeline thus imperiling the development of new drug therapies.

Their business model is to operate in the first phases of the value chain, generating revenues in the form of licensing payments, while licensees choose to rely partially or extensively on these upstream licensors to capture innovation.

However, these extreme developmental divergences do not seem to be associated with a similar extent of molecular innovation in upstream patterning systems, as common transcriptional expression profiles are observed during the early stages of gut assembly among different ecdysozoan lineages.

Bioprocess R&D at Sanofi Pasteur is focused upon manufacturing process to provide material for clinical trial experimentation, with upstream, downstream, and formulation innovations.

This required spending on key areas both upstream and downstream of the innovation chain, with some of the most innovative companies, including Tesla, receiving early stage high-risk finance and loans from public agencies.

Exploiting a quasi-natural experiment, which involves the imposition of a ban by Germany in 1994 on an input ('Azo-dyes') used by the Indian leather and textile industries, we estimate the indirect impact of the environmental regulation on innovation activities of upstream (dye-producing) firms in India and examine how it varies by different firm characteristics: size and ownership.