Upstream, firms that once used to flare off gas as a useless by-product of oil exploration are now looking for ways to get it to market.
Voser brushed aside suggestions he might be interested in taking over BP, saying Shell had "more than enough on its plate", and expressed no enthusiasm for plans being prepared by US rival ConocoPhillips, and also under consideration at BP, to split the business into two companies: one upstream exploration firm, the other a downstream refining operation.
It complements the traditional downstream buyer-supplier concept in SSCM by adding a second buyer-supplier relationship led by an upstream focal firm for enhanced sustainability management.
Support was found for horizontal (intra-industry) productivity spillovers and vertical (inter-industry) technology spillovers from foreign firms in upstream sectors to local firms in downstream sectors in the case of Kenya and Zimbabwe.
Persado, an ad-tech spinoff of digital marketing firm Upstream that specialises in "persuasion marketing", has picked up a round of $15 million, which it will use to establish a new headquarters in New York to add to its London base; invest in R&D; and persuade ad agencies and brands to use its technology to help sharpen their digital media efforts.
First of all, we find when firms have same behavior (cooperation or competition) in the upstream R&D stage, firms allowed to cooperate in the product market always exert more R&D efforts in equilibrium, compared to firms competing in the downstream stage ((x^M > x^R) and (x^P > x^F) (forall gamma, h)).
Exploiting a quasi-natural experiment, which involves the imposition of a ban by Germany in 1994 on an input ('Azo-dyes') used by the Indian leather and textile industries, we estimate the indirect impact of the environmental regulation on innovation activities of upstream (dye-producing) firms in India and examine how it varies by different firm characteristics: size and ownership.
Upstream, rival Indian firms plan more.
The cartel may have been inspired by Mobil's successful cost-reduction campaign before its acquisition by Exxon, known as KILL: Keep Inventories Low and Lean.Also keeping prices high is the fact that $30-plus 30-plus noilproduced thasresponot seen during producedwings in the oil cycle: an oresponsepseenam spenduringy firms not linked to Opastthat woupswingser crude prines.
This paper analyses industrial policy in an open economy hosting an agglomeration consisting of vertically linked upstream and downstream firms.
The starting point of this process lies in the relationship management between the upstream supply chain firms (wineries, grape growers, research institutes, other suppliers).
