Sentence examples for upstream compounds from inspiring English sources

The upstream compounds phytoene and phytofluene were not detectable.

The upstream compounds phytoene, phytofluene and ζ-carotene and the downstream compounds δ- and α-carotene were also induced, while the β-xanthophylls, neoxanthin and violaxanthin were reduced.

Such fundamental dependency on the most upstream external compounds should intrinsically constrain sustained evolutionary elongation of multi-step metabolic pathways needed for color elaboration unless the metabolic network gains robustness – the ability to synthesize the same carotenoid from an additional dietary starting point.

These unbiased screens have likely yielded compounds acting upstream of p53 to provoke p53 activation.

Furthermore, to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the sequential activation of each MAPK cascade during plant defense responses, the upstream components or chemical compounds that directly activate these MAPKKKs must be identified.

Thus, inhibition of specific ERK functions, such as regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins, may be an alternative approach to alleviating toxic side effects resulting from complete inhibition of ERK signaling by compounds targeting upstream proteins.

In this regard, it is interesting to note that the concentrations of compounds located upstream (e.g., fructose-6-phosphate) and downstream (e.g., citrate) acetyl-coA along glycolysis were linked to the ira2 locus [ 25], which coincides with one of the QTLs controlling the acetylation level of multiple nucleosomes [ 15].

Anthropogenic woodland clearance further upstream may have further compounded this event.

These findings indicate that the antiviral effect of JMN3-003 is based on an upstream effect of the compound rather than being a consequence of the cell cycle arrest itself.

This finding might be explained by two mechanisms: the compound inhibited an upstream component required for the activation of ASK1, or the compound inhibited ASK1 phosphorylation by directly binding to it.

In general, concentrations of these compounds decreased from upstream to downstream, lagoon to outlet, but there was no evidence for significant elimination within the wetland itself.