Sentence examples for upstream bone from inspiring English sources
The spur develops within a condensation of neural crest-derived cells, and we interpret a subset of these cells immediately associated with the spur to be active matrix-secreting osteoblasts, as indicated by their morphologies and especially by their expression of eGFP driven by osx, a gene encoding an upstream bone regulatory transcription factor.
Long before the stages of ossification, we are able to specifically identify the positions where the bones will appear as circumscribed domains of transcription of bone upstream regulatory proteins, including Runx2b, Osterix (Osx), and a number of others [17], [18].
Wnt signaling is an upstream regulator of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and FGF, both important in lung development.
A rare germline duplication upstream of the bone morphogenetic protein antagonist GREM1 causes a Mendelian-dominant predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC).
In mice, Runx2/Cbfa1 acts upstream of Sp7 in bone development [ 5] so the presence of a conserved OSE2 element suggests that Runx2/Cbfa1 may directly regulate the expression of the short protein isoform of Sp7.
The canals are bone dry because upstream groundwater pumping in the Roswell area has deprived the Pecos River of its flow.
For example, the Hippo pathway upstream component NF2 is a bone fide tumor suppressor mutated in neurofibromatosis 2, and activating mutations of Gq/11, upstream inhibitors of the Hippo pathway, are the leading cause of uveal melanoma.
Thus, Snail1 lies upstream of three fundamental pathways in bone remodelling and the control of adult bone mass.
Cxcl5 is an upstream regulator of GCSF production within bone marrow in vivo [ 35].
Importantly, the available data suggest that RANKL is the final common mediator of osteoclastic bone resorption, irrespective of the upstream initiator molecule.
However, a recent study showed that mice with deficiency of CAMKK2, one upstream kinase of CaMKI and CaMKIV, possessed higher trabecular bone mass in their long bones and more OBs and fewer multinuclear OCs.
