The Soninke, an admixture of Malinke and Fulani, are also concentrated in the upriver areas.
The Fulani settled the extreme upriver areas, and their kingdom, Fuladu, became a major power in the late 19th century.
It came to be settled by attorneys, cotton factors, doctors, merchants and other professionals seeking to capitalize on trade with the upriver areas.
"The Jinsha has bad geological conditions, and there is a more severe seismic area upriver from Xiangjiaba," said a Chinese geologist in Sichuan.
The massive towers planned for the area upriver from the Houses of Parliament have already been branded a super-rich playground with flats starting at £1.3m.
Paulo Zucula, director of the National Disaster Management Institute, Mozambique's emergency relief agency, warned of a deepening crisis if unrelenting rains continued in the tributary areas upriver in Zimbabwe and Zambia.
The first European settlement in the area was upriver at the Old Drift Ferry Station in the 1890s; the town's present site was occupied in 1905 with the completion of Victoria Falls Bridge and the railway line.
Along the Awash River of Ethiopia, the hamadryas/anubis border and its hybrid zone moves back and forth according to climate; after a run of dry years, the hamadryas area moves upriver, whereas a run of wetter years results in the anubis's expanding downstream.
Within the Caloosahatchee River, increases in salinity that led to P. pectinata occurring upriver of the study area may be most problematic as the river becomes quite narrow with few shallow habitats that this species appears to use as a refuge from predation [22].
Upriver, in the country outside Baghdad, there was an area that was the fiefdom of a tribal leader who was a close ally of Saddam Hussein's.
