Similarly, the minimum values of each row ( N_{t} (underline{{X_{t} }} ) ) and ( D_{t} (underline{{X_{t} }} ) ) ( forall t = 1,2, ldots,T ) give lower and upper tolerance limit or lowest acceptable level of achievement for the membership function of tth level numerator and denominator objective function respectively.
Let t 1 m L F and t 1 m R ( F ), (m = 1, 2, …, N1) be the lower and upper tolerance values on the decision vector considered by FLDM, where x 1 F ∗ = ( x 11 F ∗, x 12 F ∗, …, x 1 N 1 F ∗ ) such that x 1 m F ∗ - t 1 m L ( F ) ≤ x 1 m ≤ x 1 m F ∗ + t 1 m R ( F ), m = 1, 2, …, N 1.
Also let t 2 n L ( S ) and t 2 n R ( S ), (n = 1, 2,…, N2) be the lower and upper tolerance values on the decision vector considered by SLDM, where x 2 S ∗ = ( x 21 S ∗, x 22 S ∗, …, x 2 N 2 S ∗ ) such that x 2 n S ∗ - t 2 n L ( F ) ≤ x 2 n ≤ x 2 n S ∗ + t 2 n R ( S ), n = 1, 2, …, N 2.
The maximum value of each column N t ( X t B ― ) Open image in new window and D t ( X t B ― ) Open image in new window give upper tolerance limit or aspired level of achievement for the t-th numerator objective function and denominator objective function, respectively, where N t B = N t ( X ― t B ) = Max X ― ∈ X N t ( X ¯ ), Open image in new window t = 1, 2, …, T Open image in new window.
The results from statistical bootstrap analyses conducted to provide estimates of upper tolerance limits of the distributions are presented in Table 8.
Finney et al found a strong association between higher level of BG and risk of death and suggested an upper tolerance limit of 8 mmol/L [ 3].
These results demonstrate that salinity has a negligible effect on the upper thermal tolerance of juvenile walleye, but show that the upper thermal tolerance changes with age during the juvenile life history period.
Additionally, the results suggest that glycerolization has a negative effect on hemolysis for adult cells, lowering the upper osmotic tolerance limit when compared to untreated cells.
We used the system to determine the upper temperature tolerance of fishes, but it could be used in aquaculture, ecological studies, or other aquatic work where temperature control is required.
However, the results indicated that the freeze-thaw process has a negative effect on hemolysis for both fetal and adult cells, lowering the upper osmotic tolerance limit in comparison to untreated cells, as well as unfrozen glycerolized cells.
We estimated genetic (co variance parameters for body weight (BW), (Fulton's) condition factor (Kf) and resistance to acute thermal shock (upper thermal tolerance; UTT) in a three-generational rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) pedigree derived from two commercial strains (Spring Valley (SV), Rainbow Springs (RS)).
