It commences at the lower part of the tail of the epididymis and ascends along the back border of the testis to its upper pole.
The procedure itself means a very careful dissection of the structures at the upper pole of the earlobe.
Also visible are additional coils in a proximal branch to the right upper pole.
a Longitudinal sonographic image shows well-defined (white arrows) mass in upper pole of left kidney (K).
a CECT shows a thick-walled cystic lesion in the right upper pole, graded as a Bosniak 4 cyst.
Coronal reformatted image of contrast-enhanced CT shows cortical thinning of the upper pole of the left kidney (arrow).
After dissection of the retroperitoneal attachments, the upper pole of the spleen was safely dissected away from the diaphragm.
The second most frequent supplementary artery irrigates the upper pole, which is normally a small segment [40].
However, despite these benefits, upper pole access is usually avoided because of the risk of chest complications in both pediatric and adult patients.
If the upper pole of the spleen can be preserved solely on the upper short gastric vessels, will phagocytic function of macrophages in remnant splenic tissue be affected?
High-risk patients include those with anatomical abnormalities, large or staghorn stones, and comorbidities, such as diabetes, and those requiring upper pole or multisite access.
