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Discover LudwigThe phrase "upper outcomes" is not commonly used in written English and may be unclear in meaning.
It could be used in contexts discussing results or results that are higher or more favorable, but it may require additional clarification for the reader. Example: "The study aimed to analyze the upper outcomes of the new treatment compared to the standard method."
Exact(2)
We examined responses to binary, equiprobable gambles with identical upper outcomes but different lower outcomes.
With any strictly positive monotonic value function, including our established utility functions, the lower outcomes, in the face of identical upper outcomes, determine the preference ordering between the two gambles [ 2].
Similar(58)
All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs and controlled trials examining the effect of FES on shoulder and upper arm outcomes were considered for this review.
Identification of factors that limit arm use will enable appropriate prevention and better provision of treatment to improve upper limb outcomes.
In addition, we produced a summary estimate for the respiratory infections group after excluding findings for a set of relatively nonspecific upper respiratory outcomes that seemed most susceptible to inclusion of allergic or irritant symptoms.
Since the late 1990s, the use of minimally invasive surgery including sentinel node biopsy and the phasing out of radiotherapy to the axilla has improved upper limb outcomes substantially, such that women who are treated for breast cancer now appear to be at a much lower risk of lymphoedema [ 6- 8].
Although postoperative numbness showed no adverse effect on shoulder function measured by validated upper extremity outcome scores [ 5], some patients reported to be very or extremely bothered by it [ 8].
The QuickDASH is an upper extremity outcome measure with 11 questions and uses a Likert scale [ 29].
The ULFI-Sp is a valid upper limb outcome measure with similar psychometric properties to the English language version.
The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) questionnaire is a standardized patient-completed upper extremity outcome measure [ 9].
Although several rating systems have been developed to evaluate upper limb clinical outcomes [4], few explore the adverse effects of the repetitive overhead motions that are involved in some athletic movements [5, 6].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com