Exact(5)
The upper confidence level is 1 - α = 0.95.
Then, the one-side 1 - α upper confidence level for average ADCs of a subgroup can be defined as UCL α = μ ADC + Z α S ADC q (4).
This value corresponds to the 99% upper confidence level and was subsequently chosen to represent the 'cut off' point of 'normal' TDP-43 values.
We considered a rate significantly above average if the lower confidence level of that rate was greater than the upper confidence level of the average rate for the respective year, a procedure commonly used in descriptive epidemiology.
The table includes longitudinal analysis of the relationship between selected potential predictors and employment of physicians and nurses, included analyses of all variables time-series (from 1961 to 2008) and a trend for 2015 including corresponding 95% upper confidence level (UCL) and lower confidence level (LCL).
Similar(55)
The relative differences between levonorgestrel and gestodene seen in our main and additional analysis for idiopathic cases were within the confidence interval or close to the upper confidence levels of this study.
aRefers to Fig. 1 bCooperative Station Identifier cBest-fit logit model coefficient dLower and upper confidence levels Nests were also monitored in aspen woodlands of central Idaho (Butte and Blaine counties) (43°30′ N, 113°46′ W) during three breeding seasons (2002 2004).
Increasing the cut-off point to improve clinical utility did not come at the expense of safety: in the derivation and validation sets there was no difference in the false negative rate, and for the total population and for patients aged >50 years the 95% upper confidence levels were well below 3% with the new cut-off value.
The influenza-associated hospitalisations of the 25 64 year-olds peaked in week 48 above the upper 95% confidence level of the baseline, whereas the hospitalisations of the group of 65 years and above stayed within the 95% confidence intervals of the baseline (figure 1).
Whether these numbers significantly exceeded the expected numbers was determined looking at the upper 95% confidence level for the expected number assuming a Poisson distribution for the variance of the expected baseline number, a continuity correction, and the exact value for the Poisson distribution function in Excel 2000 [ 6].
Not only did Nair et al. calculate an ERR of less than zero, the upper 95% confidence level was less than the ERR calculated from A-bomb survivor studies (Nair et al. 2009); this result is consistent with a significant dose-rate effect whereby the effects of a dose received slowly over time are substantially reduced relative to the same dose received acutely.
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