Sentence examples for upper and lower surface from inspiring English sources

Radial tension is applied to a thin piezoelectric diaphragm with conductive electrodes on the upper and lower surface.

The zero-transverse shear strain at upper and lower surface of doubly curved singly ruled functionally graded material cone is imposed in the formulation.

The governing equations are solved exactly within each layer and interface continuity conditions and upper and lower surface boundary conditions then satisfied.

Overall, impacts on the upper and lower surface of the composite wing were predicted and the localization results for three and one FBG sensors were comparable.

Leafy liverwort, also called scale moss, any of numerous species of liverworts (class Hepatopsida), generally of the order Jungermanniales, in which the plant body is prostrate and extends horizontally in leaflike form with an upper and lower surface.

The experimental apparatus and instrumentation have been designed and built to measure temperature difference between the upper and lower surface of the test samples under different solar radiation flux conditions.

Edges of the upper and lower surfaces are drawn in solid and broken lines, respectively.

The coralliths examined were visually and physiologically similar on both upper and lower surfaces (Fig. 4).

The temperature difference between upper and lower surfaces was maintained between 5 and 10 K.

Their fleshy, leathery leaves are opposite and entire and feature salt-exuding glands on the upper and lower surfaces.

Two piezoelectric layers are attached to the upper and lower surfaces of moderately thick FG substrate.