If we knew the genetics better, then we could perhaps compute the upper — and lower — limit.
Data represent the median ± error range (upper and lower limit) of 4 biologically independent experiments with 1 technical replicate each.
With this approach, confidence intervals on the upper and lower limit of the reference interval can be provided.
Data represent the median ± error range (upper and lower limit) of 3 4 biologically independent experiments with 1 technical replicate each.
Elastic brittle fracture model and ideal elastoplastic model are special cases of this model when upper and lower limit of distribution interval are equal.
Data are represented as median ± error range (upper and lower limit) or median ± median absolute deviation (mad) from 3 independent biological experiments with 1 technical replicate each unless stated otherwise.
If the blank-holder force is not kept within the upper and lower limit of reasonable range it does have a significant effect on depth of draw, with the punch tearing through the bottom of the cup if the force is too high and if too low wrinkling of the flange area occurs.
Moreover, both the fracturing initiation pressure and breakdown pressure decrease with permeability but increase with borehole pressurization rate, and the upper and lower limit of the initiation pressure are seen to be given by the impermeable (Hubbert Willis) and permeable (Haimson Fairhurst) borehole wall solutions, respectively.
During fatigue loading, the beam strengthened with NSM Fe-SMA performs much better than the control beam at relatively low levels of fatigue loading (when the upper and lower limit of the fatigue loading induces 0.29fy and 0.53fy stress in the tension steel of the control beam, respectively).
X + and X − are respectively the upper and lower limit as defined in [18].
It's also possible that if the results come back within the reference ranges, but at the upper and lower limit of these ranges, a diagnosis can be missed.
