The upper and lower airways are continuous.
Ultrasonography is becoming essential in management of the upper and lower airways.
Multiciliated epithelial cells protect the upper and lower airways from chronic bacterial infections by moving mucus and debris outward.
Ultrasonography used in conjunction with hands-on management of the upper and lower airways has multiple advantages.
Background: Ciclesonide, an intranasal corticosteroid, is administered as a prodrug and is converted to the active metabolite, desisobutyryl ciclesonide, in the upper and lower airways.
All individuals suffered from severe respiratory symptoms of the upper and lower airways and development of bronchiectasis at an early age.
To test the hypothesis that bacterial density, strain diversity, and concordance of pathogens between upper and lower airways are higher in children with bronchiectasis than in those with non-bronchiectatic conditions.
Management of the upper and lower airways and diagnosis of pathological conditions and complications are essential clinical skills for any physician in anaesthesia, emergency medicine, respiratory medicine and intensive care settings.
To create a state-of-the-art overview of the new and expanding role of ultrasonography in clinical decision-making, intervention and management of the upper and lower airways, that is clinically relevant, up-to-date and practically useful for clinicians.
Ultrasonography (US) has many obvious advantages (it is safe, quick, repeatable, portable, widely available and gives real-time dynamic images) in the emergency setting and several studies have evaluated its role in both management of the airways and diagnosis of pathology in the upper and lower airways.
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitides (AAV) affect small- to medium-sized blood vessels, leading to damage to upper and lower airways, kidneys and other organs.
