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Interestingly, SSL containing a model antigenic protein have been shown to induce both class I and class II restricted immune responses in mice (Ignatius et al, 2000) upon presentation by professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) such as dendritic cells (DC).
This was similar to the previously reported failure of mouse CD1d tetramer loaded with lysosulfatide to bind detectably to murine non-invariant and sulfatide specific NKT cells, despite a clear reactivity to this lipid upon presentation by APCs [39]; [39].
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Upon antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into any Th subset based on the cytokine milieu produced by the presenting APCs and surrounding mesenchymal cells (Dong 2006; also see Fig. 1).
We performed metabolic and inflammatory protein mediator profiling with serum and plasma samples, respectively, collected upon presentation, followed by multivariate statistical analysis.
During chronic infection, in addition to the constraints placed upon antigen presentation by viral gene expression kinetics and immunoevasins, the ability to be presented by cells low in LMP7 may provide an additional "filter" to limit the number of inflating epitopes.
As Lomas wandered around the event, popping in and out of various sessions, he stumbled upon a presentation by Emilia Lahti, a doctoral student at Aalto University, in Helsinki.
A complication of cellular immunity is that T cell responses are dependent upon antigen presentation by highly polymorphic HLA molecules that vary greatly among human populations.
To determine whether decreased Th2 cytokines and attenuated pathophysiology observed in B cell −/− mice were dependent upon antigen presentation by B cells, we used mixed bone marrow chimeras, as previously described [27].
T cells present in lymphoid organs were mostly CD37bright, which may be linked to the reported function of CD37 in T cell proliferation, which predominantly takes place in lymphoid organs upon antigen presentation by DCs.
Older subjects were more likely to have severe CAP upon presentation, as evidenced by greater proportion of older adults with a Pneumonia Severity Index score ≥IV and by a higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE III) score (p<0.001 for both).
The present study focused on the application of clarithromycin as an immunomodulator upon presentation of signs of urosepsis by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa.
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