Hyperglycemia probably has beneficial or harmful effects depending upon the mechanism of its onset, its severity, and duration [ 41].
For certain lineages, Frankia has been shown, to have coevolved with its host plants [ 23], dramatically altering its transcriptome upon symbiosis onset [ 24], and is thus expected to have underwent pressures at the level of gene composition.
Noteworthy is that metformin tends to be more efficient upon earlier onset of its application ([ 88] and Table 1).
These results indicate that ABA was probably synthesized immediately upon the onset of drought stress and simultaneously its catabolism was suppressed in roots.
If the same Npc1 protein functions in different membranes, in concert with all of the different Npc2 partners, and in other cell types as well as gastrodermal cells containing dinoflagellates, then this could explain why its transcript is not significantly upregulated upon the onset of symbiosis.
It was first demonstrated that DRP1 Ser585 is phosphorylated by Cdk1/CyclinB upon the onset of mitosis, a modification that was shown to increase its recruitment and drive mitochondrial fission for efficient segregation into the two daughter cells 40.
Kif18A is covalently modified by SUMO2 during the cell cycle, and its sumoylation peaks at metaphase and then rapidly decreases upon anaphase onset.
In contrast to most other bacterial pathogens, which temporarily cause virulent disease but are then rapidly cleared upon the onset of a pathogen-specific adaptive immune response, H. pylori persists in its host for decades, if not for life.
Upon stimulation onset, RPs (defined by eq. 18 in Methods section) increases rapidly to its maximal value then, after stimulation offset, gradually decreases to zero (Fig. 4A), while SP (defined by eq. 19) decreases rapidly to its minimal value then gradually returns to zero (Fig. 4B).
Specifically, HNE-sensitive linkers were photopolymerized into PEG diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels as pendent groups as seen in Scheme 1. Upon the onset of an inflammatory response, HNE diffuses into the PEG hydrogels and cleaves its respective substrate liberating a therapeutic to the local environment.
