1 Patients with chronic illnesses frequently perceived powerlessness in managing their disease after hospital discharge, and they are prompted to seek hospital readmission immediately upon symptom exacerbation.
Oligonucleotide microarray analysis revealed that following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intracerebral administration at striatum level, more modulated genes presented transcription impairment than exacerbation upon glucocorticoid receptor blockage.
Mice vaccinated i.n. with N SRS did not lose more weight than non vaccinated mice upon RSV challenge (Fig. 2C), thus showing that our vaccination strategy did not cause disease exacerbation upon virus infection.
73 75 In addition, many ulcerative colitis patients noted disease exacerbation upon cessation of smoking, whereas symptoms relief is reported when smoking is resumed.
A lethal IAV– H. influenzae coinfection model reported no effect of TNFR1 deficiency 52, again in a high mortality setting where there was no margin to see exacerbation of disease upon intervention.
Efficacy has also been shown retrospectively, as patients frequently experience an exacerbation of their asthma upon withdrawal of ICSs, whilst the regular use of low dose ICSs prevents death from asthma.
Active treatment of asthma in pregnancy, with review every 4 6 weeks, is strongly recommended, with a new recommendation against down-titration of treatment during the short duration of pregnancy (except if the ICS dose is very high), because of the high priority placed upon avoiding any exacerbations in order to reduce risk to the fetus.
Finally, since the inflammation would be particularly exacerbated upon reperfusion, immunomodulation would ameliorate the potential reperfusion-induced exacerbation secondary to medical intervention and recanalization [ 18].
Imaeda et al. also reported an exacerbation of DSS-induced colitis upon treatment with IL-33, hypothesized to occur by IL-33-dependent induction of pathogenic Th2 cytokines; although in the same mice, IL-33 restored goblet cells that were found to be depleted in IL-33-untreated mice [ 43].
Adrenal insufficiency often presents with only minimal and unspecific clinical prodromal symptoms but may suddenly become life-threatening if left untreated upon acute stress (e.g. infection, acute exacerbation, trauma or critical illness)[ 3].
