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Based upon a prevalence of 10% for knee OA and of 5% for hip OA observed in previous studies for patients aged 60 years or older [ 8- 13], and using α = 0.05, 1-β = 0.8, and an error in the prevalence of OA of less than ± 1.5%, we estimated that we would need to recruit more than 7,000 individuals.
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The inclusion of herds for this study was based upon a high prevalence of unexplained neonatal diarrhoea prior to investigation, and intensive diagnostic investigations had suggested that they were all suffering from the emerging syndrome, NNPDS [ 2].
Burnens et al. found a prevalence rate of 4% upon sampling cecal contents of broilers (7 ).
Mexican Mestizo RA patients referred to a tertiary care center had a prevalence of MetS variable upon the criteria applied, from 11 to 18%, but lower than matched, apparently healthy controls.
Epi-Info version 7.0 was used to calculate the number of cases and controls necessary to have 80% power to detect a 10% difference between the two groups with 95% confidence interval, based upon a 22.7% prevalence of mental disorder in the general population, as found in a previous study in Ethiopia [ 34].
In answer, this paper provides a review of international contemporary literature with a specific focus upon the prevalence and nature of use of preconception care practices and services by women with chronic health conditions.
We also show that current malaria vaccine formulations are based upon low prevalence haplotypes from a single subgroup and thus may represent only a small proportion of the global parasite population.
Diagnostic decisions rely upon knowledge of prevalence of a condition in specific populations in order to estimate the likelihood of a positive 'disease' status or outcome following specific tests or investigations [ 24].
First, investigations that have been part of randomized controlled trials, where efforts are made to maximize coverage of net or ITN use among communities neighboring "control" communities may have under-estimated the effects upon infection prevalence [25] [30] due to a shadowed, wide-area protection provided by the intervention areas across control areas [25] [32].
To evaluate the impact of ECG-LVH and kidney damage upon the prevalence of established CVD, a multivariate model was constructed that included age, sex, BMI, moderate-severe alcohol consumption, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and BP.
However, placing increased emphasis upon the prevalence of patients' perceptions provides a revised ranking of their needs reminiscent of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com