The terrain comprises a mixture of three ascending elements: a basement of rolling hilly upland, standing mostly less than 1,000 feet (300 metres) above sea level; low mountains, near stream divides, ranging from 2,000 to 3,000 feet (600 to 900 metres) above sea level; and tabular plateaus, capped with resistant sandstone.
In general, we propose a landscape framework, which considers upland source areas, transit, and hydric riparian landscape elements as a single system.
The retroelement Gypsy/DIRS1 family predominates in the Upland cotton genome, accounting for over 77% of all transposable elements.
However, others suggest it derives from Celtic monith, meaning mountain or hill, with an uncertain second element, perhaps Old English yppe in the sense of upland or plateau.
Contrasting impacts of these two events in the aquatic and upland ecosystems show the importance of landscape configuration and the contingent history as key elements for coastal protection.
Among the transposable elements, the LTR retroelement family, Gypsy/DIRS1, is the most predominant in the Upland cotton genome, representing over 77% of the transposable elements in the genome.
Moreover, it appears that an extensive element exchange has occurred between the A- and D-subgenomes of Upland cotton during the process of and/or after polyploidization, thus leading to a higher similarity between the two subgenomes at the genomic element sequence level.
The share of species-rich farmland was highest in upland and structurally complex grassland-dominated regions where extensive livestock production is practised; whereas landscape elements were most likely to occur within flat regions where edge density tends to be high.
A 27,500 years old burial of a 1.5 year old child, complete with burial gift decorative artifacts, pendant or necklace elements made of teeth of large ungulates, was discovered in Borsuk Cave near Kraków (southern Kraków-Częstochowa Upland).
All these elements coalesce to produce some of the most valued cultural landscapes in England, with a similar pattern across the upland areas of northern Europe as outlined by Eriksson (2011).
Amanda Vlietstra Upland, Calif.
