Sao Paulo won an award for its slum upgrading programme, implemented over two decades.
As part of a slum upgrading programme, electric solar panels have been installed on 50 houses, giving 225 people access to electricity.
Slum upgrading programmes should always work towards poverty reduction by creating a network between communities and the government.
Slum upgrading programmes – that seek to design and manage urban networks within the slums in partnership with local NGOs and development organisations – are gaining strength.
Lack of direct investment for specific slum upgrading programmes, like solar panels, or the difficulties of regularising tenure and integrating them in the country's policy agenda, represent major challenges for the region where governments poorly allocate resources.
Caulfield has reorganised the early years of secondary school, which had previously been overshadowed by the VCE (Years 10 12) and attempts to upgrade programmes for senior students.
However, distance learning upgrading programmes do help the MoHSW to retain its current staff by providing opportunities for professional development.
The CDE offers three in-service upgrading programmes for health care workers: Clinical Assistant to Clinical Officer, Maternal Child Health Aide to Enrolled Nurse, and Enrolled Nurse to Registered Nurse.
They include other health care worker upgrading programmes that utilise print and computer technology, continuing education programmes that broadcast nationally and internationally using videoconferencing technology, e-learning courses on HIV/AIDS and other healthcare topics, and telemedicine projects, to name a few.
We identify the gaps in training and discuss possible improvements and the basis for their application in an upgraded training programme.
