The standards for measurement over the years represent the continuous upgrading of knowledge on older meters and establishment of new standards for newly developed meters.
Self-knowledge was pointed out as important and an ability to be conscious about the need for further knowledge and continuous upgrading of knowledge and learning (life-long learning) (Table 1).
Life-long learning is an on-going process, which leads to "systematic acquisition, renewal, upgrading and completion of knowledge, skills and attitudes"; its success depends on learners' "increasing ability and motivation to engage in self-directed learning (SDL) activities" [ 1].
Their personal learning plan is based on the principles of adult learning [ 30- 33], whereby they take responsibility for their own learning through a systematic programme of acquisition, renewal, upgrading and completion of knowledge and skills outlined in their professional development objectives.
This finding of 'biostatistics training and support need' is similar to that described by Gore et al. [ 5], who not only described this "need" by academics and postgraduate students in India, but also the wish of these academics to upgrade their knowledge of biostastistics with refresher training programmes.
In this way, the information can be upgraded to the level of knowledge.
Refresher training could establish relationships with other health workers or enhance trust from other health workers because of the upgraded knowledge of HEWs.
Don't the ed schools have at least some substantive PD (professional development) courseware to upgrade knowledge of math, science, etc".
The introduction of online courses in research ethics and biostatistics were as useful in upgrading the knowledge of Indian scientists who undertook these, as were the "traditional" on-site courses [ 21].
These sessions allow participants to express themselves freely on HIV/AIDS and upgrade their knowledge on prevention and treatment of the disease.
