Thus, animals have to remember the distribution of rewards by encoding both horizontal and vertical components simultaneously, and also dynamically update this representation as trials progressed and the arms become depleted.
In a response-adaptive design, we review and update the trial on the basis of outcomes in order to achieve a specific goal.
A recent update of this trial reported significant (P=0.039) survival advantage for patients receiving DES over tamoxifen (median survival of 3.0 years vs 2.4 years) (Ingle, 2002).
A 5-year update of this trial has been recently published [ 17], and PLD proved to be statistically superior to topotecan in terms of overall survival.
A more recent update from this trial continues to demonstrate a benefit to cetuximab inclusion (5-year survival rate of 45.6% for the combination versus 36.4% for radiation alone) [27].
The most recent open-label extension update from this trial provided information on 318 patient-years of etanercept therapy, including up to 8 years of continuous treatment for some participants.
A recent update of this trial at a median of 72 months of follow-up showed that sequencing tamoxifen to anastrozole significantly improved relapse-free survival (RFS) in the ITT population by 21% (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.95, P = 0.038).
In the latest update of this trial, with a median follow-up of 100 months, anastrozole significantly increased DFS in the hormone receptor-positive population by 74.2% versus 70.1% for tamoxifen (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.94, P = 0.003) [ 13].
An updated outcome of this trial in four patients with B-NHL and four patients with CLL was reported by Kochenderfer et al. (2012).
Updated results of this trial in the first 19 patients with HER2-positive sarcoma (including 16 osteosarcomas) further confirmed that anti-HER2 CAR-T cell treatment was safe and feasible as no dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed even in the highest dose level of 1 × 108 CAR+ T cells/m2 (Ahmed et al., 2015).
