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Next, we have to compute a feasible update direction.
This scheme enables each transmitter to estimate its current update direction from the received signal power.
The feasible update direction is (29) which is the derivation of (3) and (4) [24].
In the Newton-Raphson method, the computational complexity primarily comes from finding the update direction.
Usually, a common choice of the update direction is the gradient of objective function which we want to optimized.
Beside the update direction, how to choose the initial candidate set is also an important element of GAMIO algorithm.
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TomTom, a maker of navigation devices, uses connection data from mobile networks to update directions if there are delays.
That is most likely because with more noise, it is more difficult for the rotation approximation in PPCA to find the right updating direction.
Specifically, convergence of such an algorithm depends on whether the Nikaido-Isoda function defined in (26) increases monotonically in the updating direction of the strategy set.
However the USDA subsequently said the email was "released without departmental direction" and that ARS will be providing updated direction to its staff.
The addition of G.P.S. makes it easier to find your current position; check on speed, bearing and elevation; see how far you have come; and get updated directions.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com