In PN Message memory each FU only needs to store the message which is passed during the backward update of CNs [14].
The connectional weights are updated during the backward error propagation according to the learning algorithm.
The resulting evolution equations are updated using a backward Euler scheme and the algorithmic tangent operator is derived for the finite element equilibrium iteration.
The Kalman smoother is a backward recursive updating scheme that updates the state model conditional on all data.
The new update will be completely backward compatible with USB 2.0 and 3.0 and will offer "more efficient data encoding and twice the effective data through-put performance of existing SuperSpeed USB".
The backward recursive update equations for the EKS start with initialization at time such as (10).
Our method applies relatively higher weights on the gradient descent values of these high-frequency regions' pixels before they are propagated backward to update the parameters of the network during training.
All the weight layers are then updated together after the backward propagation.
Moreover, by using a distance-sensitive backward pheromone updating scheme, the performance of ACO-DP is also improved.
More recently, a forward-backward decomposition of smoothing distributions mimicking the Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother for the regimes combined with backward Kalman updates has been introduced.
