Some of these studies not only showed significant performance increases in the trained working memory tasks, but also in other, untrained working memory tasks and functionally more distant tasks such as fluid intelligence tests (transfer effect).
Following training, children in Trial 1 improved significantly in both trained and untrained working memory tasks, with effect sizes comparable to those reported in research studies.
It inspired her plan for the New York Society of Decorative Art, which she described in a letter to her niece as a means of providing for "the army of helpless women of N.Y. who were ashamed to beg and untrained to work".
Creativity, in their case, has meant not only having technical proficiency and a good aesthetic eye, but also adapting to a limited supply of materials and a largely untrained local work force.
In the private sector, clients would benefit more from services offered by trained providers working at franchise service delivery outlets compared to services offered by untrained providers working in private non-franchise clinics.
Apart from them there were thousands of untrained women working as midwives or nurses in civilian life, but they had little or no experience of working with soldier patients and their status in society was little better than that of domestic servants.
On those days, she says, between contacting politicians and corresponding with parents across the country who have lost their children to untrained-informant work, "I feel confident that we are going to go on a crusade to take the law national, that we're going to save other kids".
Additionally, there are untrained assistants working under each teacher, and an adult-child ratio of 3 10 for children younger than 3 years and 3 19 for older children is recommended but not enforced by law.
Diagnostic microbiology is often lacking and so MRSA would go unrecognised, health care including access to expensive antibiotics is restricted, and a large proportion of health care is provided by traditional healers or untrained personnel working in local dispensaries.
Physicians were not randomized to the training intervention because of concern about creating a 'halo effect,' where trained physicians could transmit some of the training effect to their untrained colleagues working in the same clinic.
