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The practice of paying someone else to complete unsupervised academic assessments is not a new one, as demonstrated, for example, by the headline from the New York Times on July 10 , 1971 suggesting that the, "Market in term papers is booming".
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Thus, there is also evidence of a non-random distribution of contract cheating across academic disciplines, suggesting that some unsupervised assessment 'targets' are more suitable for this activity than others.
Table 1 Number of students, differences between unsupervised and supervised assessment items (percentage point), and unusual patterns (UP % of students) by academic area Unsupervised% − supervised% Academic area N Avg.
Performances on unsupervised and supervised assessment items were converted to percentages and percentage point differences analysed at the academic discipline-, unit-, and student-level, looking for non-random patterns of unusually large differences.
Table 2 Number of students, differences between unsupervised and supervised assessment items (percentage point), and unusual patterns (UP % of students) by unit within academic area Unsupervised% − supervised% Unit N Avg.
Contract cheating is a form of academic misconduct that, in some forms, involves students paying a third-party to produce an unsupervised assessment item that they subsequently submit as if it was their own work (Clarke & Lancaster, 2006; Sivasubramaniam, Kostelidou, & Ramachandran, 2016; Walker & Townley, 2012).
The sport grew, unsupervised.
We were totally unsupervised".
Inevitably, much of the park goes unsupervised.
By noon, they were home unsupervised.
The privilege was in being unsupervised.
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