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Secondly, unsteady wave patterns and time history results of the added resistance and the ship motions are simulated and analysed at each ship speed using the CFD tool.
In contrast, a fully nonlinear unsteady wave theory, similar to that originally proposed by Fenton & Rienecker (1980), provides a good description of the laboratory data.
Unsteady wave structures called Straw Hat type structures consisting of a SIC region followed by a C J ODW were observed near stabilizing criticalities of a C J ODW, and they were divided into two propagation types, depending on whether the C J ODW could be stabilized [11], [12], [14].
Steady wave energy flux are preferred to those having unsteady wave regimes due to the fact that they are more reliable and display greater efficiency [22].
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The experiments were designed specifically to compare variations in beach profile evolution between monochromatic waves and unsteady waves with the same mean energy flux.
The Huygens' principle and lacunae can help construct efficient far-field closures for the numerical simulation of unsteady waves propagating over unbounded regions.
Fortunately, a small number of unsteady waves and corresponding unsteady flow solutions must be retained in the model to compute accurately the unsteady aerodynamic response.
As a result, the effect of an unsteady expansion wave on a negative impulsive wave is shown.
Applications to unsteady blast-wave and acoustic-wave Euler flows are presented.
The resulting scour seems to approach an equilibrium value after sufficient time duration, which corresponds reasonably to that predicted by existing steady-current scour depth expressions, after accounting for the finite boundary layer thickness induced by the unsteady tsunami wave, i.e. it is important to incorporate both current-like, as well as wave-like aspects of the long tsunami event.
Furthermore, an unsteady expansion wave may appear upstream of the secondary shock and the Mach number of the flow following the secondary shock is higher than that of the nozzle quasi-steady flow.
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