This evaluation criterion may suffer from the variance in training data with a limited sample size and result in unstable generalization error when the trained model is applied to an unknown dataset.
The increasing D2D communication in 5G networks has renewed interest in an effective middleware design for MANET where application developers face various challenges such as unstable connectivity, high error rate, mobility induced disruption and disconnection, and limited battery power.
The USA was excluded from these analyses since there were only two TR SE cases that travelled to the USA, and inclusion of this small number would have yielded unstable regression parameter error estimates.
From Eq. (1), it becomes also evident that for vessels close to 90°, the method becomes highly unstable since the error for the absolute velocity v associated to inaccuracies on the Doppler angle estimation is related to the derivative of 1/cos.
Even for counts with relatively unstable patterns, average errors were lower than 3% in most cases.
However, the approach is not always feasible because of collinearity issues (e.g., inflated standard errors, unstable regression coefficients).
Furthermore, a dynamic scaling parameter for the quantizer is introduced to ensure the convergence of estimation error in unstable systems.
However, in the communication progress between SSCDs, the reception and execution of commands in the SSCS are affected by error codes, unstable transmission in communication channel, not-in-time information transfer.
Although the above location estimation procedure can compensate the large scale location error, the unstable wireless link caused by the NLOS condition may still disturb the geographic routing procedure.
Due to the multi-collinearity in independent variables, the regression coefficients are very unstable with excessive standard error.
