Exact(1)
They were also heterogeneous five estimates were for overall survival, six were for disease-free survival and one was unspecified; estimates were made at 2, 3, 4 or 5 years.
Similar(59)
To estimate the extent of foodborne illness caused by unspecified agents, we estimated the number of acute gastroenteritis illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths and subtracted the estimated number of acute gastroenteritis illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths caused by 24 major known pathogens that typically or often cause diarrhea or vomiting.
The numbers of illnesses caused by these unspecified agents are estimated elsewhere (4 ).
To estimate the hospitalizations associated with unspecified agents, we first estimated the number of hospitalizations for acute gastroenteritis.
In the rest of this paper, most of the estimates contain unspecified constants.
The observed 1-log removal by sedimentation agrees with early removal estimates of unspecified "parasite ova" in similar systems in China [50].
The relatively low precision of estimates for unspecified smokeless tobacco may reflect the variety of exposures investigated.
Combining the estimates for unspecified agents and major known pathogens provides an estimate of the total effect of contaminated food consumed in the United States: 47.8 million episodes of illness, 127,839 hospitalizations, and 3,037 deaths (Table).
Separate sets of meta-analyses were carried out for chewing tobacco, for snuff and for overall smokeless tobacco use (both from studies where only estimates for unspecified use were available and from studies where the estimate was derived from the separate data for chewing tobacco and snuff).
Combining the estimate for unspecified agents with that for the 31 major known pathogens to arrive at an estimate of overall foodborne illness has limitations.
When our method is used, any increase in the estimate for the major known pathogens will result in a decrease in the estimate for unspecified agents.
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