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In every experiment the following contrasts were carried out: one between each U group and its respective T group, to evaluate memory retention, and the other between U groups (when more than one U T pair was used), to analyze any unspecific treatment effect.
The first alternative explanation to be considered is unspecific treatment effects resulting for example from hospitalization and medication.
We chose sham laser acupuncture as a control as this is suggested to provoke only unspecific treatment effects [ 37].
Other causes, for example unspecific treatment effects, could not yet be ruled out because suitable sham devices are presently not available [ 43].
According to certain critics it is questionable whether positive effects after neurofeedback training can be related to the improved cortical regulation or rather to unspecific treatment effects.
Small effect sizes of chronic pain treatments were suspected to be due to unspecific treatment approaches, but different pain generating and maintaining mechanisms [ 19, 20].
Similar(52)
Additionally, a significantly prolonged survival could be shown for mice receiving anti-L1CAM combination therapy compared to untreated controls (PBS) and mice that received unspecific treatments (vs. PBS: p = 0.0001; vs. 177Lu-DOTA-control IgG: p = 0.0001; vs. 177Lu-DOTA-control IgG + PTX: p = 0.0002).
Four percent of patients received opioids, 2% anticonvulsants, and 3% other unspecific treatments.
As a consequence, symptomatic and unspecific treatments are frequently the only available therapeutic options.
However, hemodialysis might be more effective than unspecific reversal treatment with factor concentrates.
Figures 4(A) and 4(B) show the time course of eNOS phosphorylation using Western blotting with a phospho-specific pS602 antibody raised to a phosphorylated target peptide and depleted of unspecific components by treatment with unphosphoryalted peptide.
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