However, to date, the technology cannot be put into practice due to some unsolved application-oriented problems, such as the requirements of BMED for feed solution, the availability of the produced acid and base, relatively high salt concentration of the effluent, and relatively low desalinating efficiency and capacity.
These systems might be the key to yet unsolved biomedical applications that include non-viral gene therapy and interneuron drug delivery.
Despite the progress, significant issues still remain unsolved in the application of this concept.
The physiological roles of silent genes are still unsolved puzzles and their application potentials are unexplored.
Furthermore, the very large diameters of these cables (up to 500 mm) poses an unsolved challenge in the application of magnetic non-destructive testing methods.
Therefore, developing a smart way of assembling CNTs to maximize the device performance and robust method of transfer of large-area graphene are two key ingredients that are unsolved but required for application.
The current state of evidence suggests that the use of β-blockers in acute brain injury seems to have a valid rationale, although several unsolved problems regarding clinical application remain, such as whether to use selective or non-selective β-blockers, duration of treatment and dose.
The interpretation of the obtained images aims at the identification of pixel groups that share particular or similar spectral features (e.g. Alexandrov et al., 2010) where as the final identification of molecules and a semantic interpretation remains an unsolved problems for most applications.
Nevertheless, there are also some unsolved problems in the clinical application of exosomes.
Possible reasons for this are that the peptides chosen may not be naturally processed and presented by tumour cells, immune escape and unsolved questions about optimal clinical application.
While this is well understood and underway for horizontal or consumer applications, the problem for complex business applications is still largely unsolved.
