Brentano was ordained a Roman Catholic priest (1864) and was appointed Privatdozent (unsalaried lecturer) in philosophy (1866) and professor (1872) at the University of Würzburg.
This provided Lamarck with his first official connection, albeit an unsalaried one, with the Jardin du Roi.
After two years of independent study of algebra, geometry, and elliptic functions, Dedekind served as Privatdozent ("unsalaried lecturer") in 1854 58 at the University of Göttingen, where, in his lectures, he introduced, probably for the first time, the Galois theory of equations and attended the lectures of the mathematician Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet.
So long as the rich voluntarily covered the bulk of local expenses and so long as they commanded the leisure and knowledge of the world to give to administration unsalaried, the poor could not fairly claim much of a right to determine the city's choices.
After his graduation in 1684, Stahl worked as an unsalaried lecturer at Jena until he became the personal physician of the duke of Saxon-Weimar, Johann Ernst, in 1687.
Kopp became Privatdozent (unsalaried lecturer) at the University of Giessen in 1841.
That same year he went to the University of Berlin to study with Franz Bopp, one of the most important early scholars of Indo-European linguistics, and in 1830 he became an unsalaried lecturer in general linguistics at the university.
Neumann's early work in crystallography gained him a reputation that led to his appointment as an unsalaried lecturer at the University of Königsberg, where he became, in 1829, professor of mineralogy and physics.
In 1847 Kirchhoff became Privatdozent (unsalaried lecturer) at the University of Berlin and three years later accepted the post of extraordinary professor of physics at the University of Breslau.
Herzberg became Privatdozent (unsalaried lecturer) at the Darmstadt Institute of Technology in 1930 but fled Nazi Germany in 1935 and obtained a position with the University of Saskatchewan.
People were kept in jobs and given training to catch up when they had fallen behind - rather than being replaced by unsalaried interns - because their ailing mothers lived down the road and it was generally accepted that the responsibility to that family was borne, in part, by their boss.
