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In broad terms, fewer than ten controls gave unreliable effect sizes (large confidence intervals), whereas control sizes of 10 and 20 gave improvements in confidence, and a modest additional improvement was achieved for >20 controls.
Thus, studies relying on a single sample per subject may have unreliable effect estimates, and ideally we would recommend using repeated measures taken over the entire course of the pregnancy.
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For divergent sequences the guide-tree estimates can become unreliable and the effect this has on the MSA and downstream analysis is discussed later.
Given a small and unreliable 2-back effect, the modelling focused on 1-back ISR, separately for second and third saccades.
Oral administration is to be avoided at that stage, as absorption will usually be unreliable, and the effect may be delayed.
Although the PK of beta-lactams in the noncritically ill is generally predictable, the rapidly changing acute pathophysiology and organ dysfunction that occurs in the critically ill means that any assumptions about drug concentrations are unreliable and dose-effect relationships are unpredictable.
The given sample size may produce only low statistical power and render null-effects unreliable.
It also suffers from environmental effects, unreliable sampling and poor technical ability on the part of the operatives.
However, genetic effects are notoriously small and unreliable; to examine neuroimaging effects of the entire genome rather than targeted subsets of genes, data from tens of thousands of subjects are required [ 4].
Others argue that this is superfluous because the effect of unreliable measurements in multivariable models will be diluted, i.e. self-penalization of unreliable predictors.
A significant repetition-by-location interaction for target hits reflected reliable variability in repetition effects across locations, but repetition effects were unreliable at all individual clusters (p values > 0.07).
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