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There appears to be no functional association with such extreme divergence because genes with unrelated functions (ribosomal, electron transport, and protein transport/maturation genes) all exhibit extreme divergences.
Inspection of the alternatively spliced transcripts identified in the pilot phase of the ENCODE project has clearly shown that often their structure might substantially differ from that of other isoforms of the same gene, and therefore that they might perform unrelated functions, or that they might even not correspond to a functional protein.
CheY, Spo0F, and NtrC have unrelated functions and low sequence homology but share an identical topology.
Colleagues of Ben-Ze'ev had examined the effect of turning off b-catenin on other, unrelated functions within cells.
This is evident from equation (3) in which (q(x)) is the result of combining two unrelated functions (b(x)) and (c(x)).
Despite their relatively close relationship and the fact that both can bind calcium and affect mineralization, their functions are not redundant and they also have other unrelated functions.
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The latter is probably of independent origin and unrelated function.
Moonlighting of a protein describes the performance of an additional, unrelated function apart from its established one.
However, it is more likely to have an unrelated function due to the non-overlapping intron/exon structure.
This suggests that glucose homeostasis abnormalities arise from disrupted clock function rather than from an unrelated function of a particular clock gene.
Further, it might be possible that these ORFans may exhibit some unrelated function while their 3D structures have converged to a similar fold.
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