L. innocua constituted the largest number of strains (3429 of 5770 strains, 59.4%), of which 2943 were identified as serotype 6a, isolated mainly in unprocessed (poultry) and processed meat (sausages), totaling 2554 of 2943 strains (86,8%).
Preliminary measurements of arsenic concentrations in pelletized waste sold as fertilizer showed levels between 18 and 22 mg/kg (Chesapeake Bay Foundation, personal communication), similar to those reported in unprocessed poultry waste (Jackson and Bertsch 2001).
The antigenic characterization of the predominant species in isolates, L. innocua, demonstrated the clear predominance of serotype 6a, mainly in isolates from unprocessed meat products (poultry) and processed meat (sausages containing beef and poultry) as well as in cheeses.
In 2011, the European Council adopted the new EU Regulation 1169/2011 (Regulation (EU) 2011) on food information to consumers, which extends the mandatory indication of country of origin or place of provenance to the unprocessed meat of swine, poultry, sheep and goats.
Among 873 Caucasian women with breast cancer and 865 without, those with the highest consumption of unprocessed red meat and poultry appeared to have an increased breast cancer risk compared to Caucasian women with the lowest intake.
A recent report from the Nurses Health Studyy showed that the replacement of one serving of unprocessed red meat with poultry or fish was associated with 19% and 24% reductions in coronary heart disease risk, respectively (5).
Richman et al (2010) conducted a prospective study of the association between post-diagnostic consumption of processed and unprocessed red meat, fish, poultry and eggs and the risk of prostate cancer recurrence or progression (n=1294).
They found that intakes of processed and unprocessed red meat, fish, total poultry and skinless poultry were not associated with recurrence or progression.
The overall findings suggest that the consumption of processed or unprocessed red meat, fish or skinless poultry post diagnosis may not be associated with prostate cancer recurrence or progression, whereas post-diagnosis consumption of eggs and poultry with the skin may increase the risk.
Analyzing the results, it can be assumed that there exists a correlation with the type of product, especially meat products (processed and unprocessed) of avian origin, particularly composed of poultry meat sausages.
This means eating mostly whole, unprocessed foods like leafy greens, beans, whole grains, poultry, meat and seafood.
