The proper sizing of the components of an active solar system is a complex problem that includes both predictable and unpredictable parameters.
Predictable parameters are related to the performance characteristics of the collector and other components, and the unpredictable parameters mainly concern weather data (solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed, and direction).
In cell therapy, the biggest challenge is to have cells readily available for clinical applications, which relies on unpredictable parameters: acquiring fresh donor organs at the right time.
Longini et al. have shown that these estimates are sensitive to various (currently unpredictable) parameters of the population and the pandemic strain, such as population compliance, delay in treatment initiation, and the outbreak basic reproductive number (29, 36).
It is obvious that the tracking error converges to a small steady state without packet dropouts, where the final error is caused by unpredictable random parameter disturbances.
However, there are several drawbacks of this approach: (i) the design of fuzzy controllers is usually performed in an ad hoc manner where it is often difficult to choose some of the controller parameters (e.g., the membership functions), and (ii) the fuzzy controller constructed for the nominal plant may later perform inadequately if significant and unpredictable plant parameter variations occur.
This may be due to the inclusion of randomness in the algorithm used to produce the result, but can also be the result of the unpredictable nature of some parameter such as the number of people viewing the artwork, or the price of crude oil.
The most prominent is sensitivity dependence on initial conditions and system parameters, and unpredictable trajectories.
This is for three reasons: the learning curve effects are underestimated, customer behavior is unpredictable, and the input parameters cannot be estimated reliably.
These two types of complexity do not just make product development processes difficult, but cause design failures through undesired and unpredictable coupling of design parameters.
